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The U.S. Air Force is Officially Seeking Cyber Weapons

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USAF Electronic Warfare Simulation USAF

Look, we all know the Pentagon is seeking cyber weapons. For defensive purposes only, of course, not for playing dirty cyber tricks on enemies of the state (Stuxnet, anyone?). But it's a bit strange when the military does it so openly. For instance, when it submits a request into the public domain saying "please build us cyber weapons." Which is what the Air Force just did.

In a recent broad agency announcement--a public document issued by any agency usually requesting something from the private sector or notifying the world at large that there are contracts up for grabs--the Air Force Life Cycle Management Center (AFLCMC) called on contractors to submit proposals for specific "cyberspace warfare operations" (CWO) capabilities, including "cyberspace warfare attack." It doesn't get much more explicit than that.

More specifically, the BAA outlines "cyberspace warfare attack" as those capabilities that would allow the Air Force to "destroy, deny, degrade, disrupt, deceive, corrupt, or usurp the adversaries ability to use the cyberspace domain for his advantage," Threatpost reports. It also requests "cyberspace warfare support" capabilities, which are basically the means to intercept enemy cyber attacks, open doors to their networks, and otherwise locate both sources of access and sensitive areas within enemy networks that are ripe for attack.

Let us not forget that this is the air wing of the same Department of Defense that declared acts of cyberwarfare to be considered equivalent to acts of regular war, and thus subject to all the same retaliations, including real-world kinetic strikes. More at Threatpost.

[Threatpost]




Photo of the Day: NASA Tests Gigantic Parachutes for the Next Manned Space Capsule

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Orion Parachute Test A dart-shaped test vehicle that is used to simulate Orion's parachute compartment descends above the skies of the U.S. Yuma Army Proving Ground in Arizona. NASA

Even the space shuttle, which glided through the atmosphere and landed like an airplane, had parachutes to help slow it down - they're the most effective drag-inducers out there. But you'd better be sure they work. NASA is testing the giant heavyweight parachutes being developed for the next space capsule that will ferry humans into orbit, Orion.

Flying at 25,000 feet above the U.S. Yuma Army Proving Ground Tuesday, a C-130 Hercules dropped the little dart thing you see at the bottom, which simulates Orion's parachute compartment. At 20,000 feet, the drogue chutes deployed, followed by small pilot chutes that ultimately deployed the three huge parachutes seen here. Each of the main chutes is 116 feet in diameter and weighs more than 300 pounds, according to NASA.

The test proved these chutes can withstand the fastest possible speeds at which Orion capsules will scream into the atmosphere on re-entry. The Apollo-esque capsule won't have any other means of slowing down - no sky crane or delta wings to create an upward force.

The beleaguered Orion program is scheduled to launch its first test flight in two years, in which an unmanned Orion capsule will travel 3,600 miles into space. That's about 15 times farther away from Earth than the orbit of the International Space Station (and that of the shuttles), but still a far cry from the moon, an asteroid or Mars, where you would also need a very large and powerful high-speed parachute. Still, at least this is a sign it will come down safely.



Hurricane Isaac Captured in Eerily Beautiful Images from Orbit

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Isaac at Night, August 28, 2012 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center via Flickr

Hurricane Isaac has now made two landfalls in southern Louisiana, and the Gulf Coast region is no doubt in for a long Wednesday. The slow-moving storm carries an increased risk for flooding in the affected regions, as rainfall totals will be higher. And then there's that storm surge, and those Category One, 80 mile-per-hour winds. Kind of makes you wonder how something so violent and destructive on the underside can look so tranquil from above. This is a major test of the world's largest water pump system, which was installed in New Orleans in the wake of Katrina.

Imagery of Isaac in the hours before landfall is streaming in from sources around NASA, whose Earth observing satellites are carefully tracking Isaac's progress as it comes ashore today. The image above was snapped by the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) on the Suomi-NPP satellite, showing Isaac steaming along the coast. Taken just after midnight, the pic shows both Isaac and the population centers it threatens lit up--the former by moonlight.

Below the MODIS instrument on NASA's Terra satellite has captured Isaac several hours later, making landfall in Louisiana while slinging a band of showers all the way out to the Carolinas.

Beautiful though they are, images like these are critical in helping meteorologists characterize the storm, predict its movement and intensity, and inform authorities on the ground about what they are in for and how they should respond, especially since good data from the underside of the storm is hard to come by until it makes landfall.



FYI: How Long Can a Brain Live in a Dish?

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Brain in a Dish Tony Latham/Getty Images

Scientists have isolated the brains of dogs, cats and monkeys and kept them alive for short periods in one way or another. But the most successful "whole-brain preparation" of a mammal was developed in the mid-1980s. A neuroscientist at NYU Langone Medical Center named Rodolfo Llinás came up with a way to keep the brain of a young guinea pig alive in a fluid-filled tank for the length of a standard workday.

To begin with, Llinás and his colleagues anesthetized the animal, opened up its chest, and cooled its brain by injecting cold saline into the ascending aorta. After extracting the brain from the skull, the researchers tied it to the bottom of the tank with some thread and surrounded it with glass beads, so it wouldn't slide around. They kept the brain alive by injecting a solution of sugar, electrolytes and dissolved oxygen (among other ingredients) directly into one of its vertebral arteries. Guinea pigs turned out to be a good animal for this preparation because their vertebral arteries are accessible and because their brains are small enough to handle-but not too small for fine dissection.

Llinás's preparation allows for the brain to be poked with electrodes, injected with drugs, or otherwise studied from any angle with all its circuitry intact. But there are only a handful of labs that still use this approach; many physiologists do experiments with whole, living animals or slices of brain tissue kept alive in a dish instead. "The preparation is difficult and expensive to maintain as a model system for brain study," says University of Alberta neuroscientist Clayton Dickson, who learned the method in Italy but has since abandoned it. "It requires a dedicated, continuous and persistent research team to keep it going."



How to Thwart Bicycle Thieves

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Foiled Again Trevor Johnston

Thieves make off with at least 200,000 bikes every year. These four tools help keep two-wheelers locked down.

LOCK

The TiGr secures a bike's frame and both its wheels. Riders loop the lock's 23-inch titanium arms through the back wheel, pass them around the frame and any object up to 5.5 inches in diameter (bike racks, signposts, parking meters), and then fasten the ends together around the front wheel with a stainless-steel lock. TiGr lock From $165

LIGHT

The Blink/Steady is the most tamper-proof light on the market. Users attach the 2.1-ounce LED lamp with two types of fasteners-an Allen and a 2mm Torx-which makes removing it a difficult, time-consuming task. A light sensor signals the Blink/Steady to turn on at night, and an accelerometer gives the okay to turn off once the bike is back home. Blink/Steady bike light $95

WHEEL AND SEAT LOCKS

Bike components often lock into place with hex screws or lug nuts, so thieves can remove them with nothing more than a wrench. The heads on Pinhead's seat, wheel and stem locks have a three-pin socket arrangement that corresponds to each user's unique key. Pinhead skewers
$65 (pack of three)

GPS TRACKER

Wily thieves can defeat even the best antitheft gear on occasion. SpyBike designers hid a tracking system, including a SIM card and GPS radio, inside a cylinder that slips into a standard handlebar tube. When the owner parks, he activates the tracker with a magnetic switch. If a thief moves the bike, an accelerometer triggers the lithium-ion-powered system to text the owner, who can then track his bike's location in Google Maps. SpyBike TopCap Tracker $160



Light-Activated Muscle Could Make Robots Move Like Real Creatures

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New generations of bio-inspired robots will be more than just inspired by nature - they may use actual biological components. Bioengineers at MIT have genetically modified muscle cells to respond to light, which could be used to make easily controllable robot muscles that look and act like the animals on which they're based.

This is the first time tough, powerful skeletal muscle has been modified to react to light. Optogenetics researchers have done it with cardiac cells, which are already primed to beat on their own - now skeletal muscle, which normally requires some outside stimulus, can contract and expand at the command of light bursts. Harry Asada, an engineering professor at MIT, said it's more effective and less bulky than stimulating muscle with electrodes, especially for a robotics system where light weight and mobility are key.

Optogenetics entails introducing new genes into cells that make them react to a pulse of light, usually short bursts of laser light. Asada's team worked with myoblasts, cultures of skeletal muscle cells, to express a light-activated protein. They combined several myoblasts into long muscle fibers and exposed them to 20-millisecond pulses of blue light. In the video below, the blue dot represents the pulses, and you can see the fibers contract in response. A targeted burst of light makes one fiber contract, while a more diffuse beam can make the whole sheet move.

What's more, the engineered muscle is pretty tough - to test its force, the team attached strips of muscle fiber to two tiny flexible posts inside a microwell. As the fibers contract, they pul the posts together, allowing the researchers to calculate its force. This could even be used as an artificial muscle gym, flexing the fibers to keep them in top shape.

The goal is to use strips of engineered muscle fibers to build flexible, realistic robots, which may swim inside the body's blood vessels or run across a room. "With bio-inspired designs, biology is a metaphor, and robotics is the tool to make it happen," Asada said. "With bio-integrated designs, biology provides the materials, not just the metaphor."

Research on the optogenetic muscle will appear in the journal Lab on a Chip.

[MIT News]



How the Future of Gaming Fell Apart

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The promise of OnLive always seemed crazy: graphics-intensive major games are offloaded to remote servers and streamed to any device with an adequate internet connection. That means, yeah, Crysis on an iPad. We've been impressed with the service in the past, despite its catalog and availability issues, because it's just such an amazing, futuristic idea, but the service crashed a few weeks ago--and crashed hard. The Verge has a great account of how the most exciting company in gaming lost it all--read it here.



Cassini Beams Back Stunning Images of Seasons Changing on Saturn

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Saturn, with Titan in the Foreground NASA/JPL-Caltech/Space Science Institute
Guest starring Titan, Saturn's largest moon

Curiosity, you are such an amazing space mission that we will sacrifice a thousand blog posts, a million gallons of newsprint even, in your honor. But can you do this? NASA's Cassini probe, not content to be forgotten in its faraway orbit around Saturn and its moons, has beamed back new natural-color images of the ringed planet that are absolutely breathtaking. Released yesterday, they show a very different planet than the one Cassini arrived at eight years ago.

The above image--can we call it a work of art?--is actually a six-image mosaic that captures Saturn's moon system in perfect profile. That is, the thin line traversing the image is the ring system, viewed on its edge (you can see shadows cast by the rings on the lower half of the planet). In the foreground is Saturn's moon Titan, the planet's largest moon and one that is larger than the planet Mercury.

The symmetry in this image is dazzling of course, but it's more than just a pretty picture. Seasons change slowly way out there at the outer planets, where revolutions around the sun take many, many Earth years. The blue hues indicative of Saturnalian winter that populated the northern hemisphere when Cassini arrived there in 2004 are fading now, resurfacing in the southern hemisphere where winter is coming on. Cassini is watching the seasons change in slow-motion there--the first time scientists have been able to witness this up close.

Another image from the collection released yesterday shows Titan ringed in a halo of light, an effect created by sunlight streaming through the moon's thick atmosphere. Titan is also undergoing seasonal changes, as are Saturn's other moons. Cassini will continue observing them though at least 2017, the expiration date of the mission's most recent extension.

[SPACE]




PopSci Recommends: Steven Millhauser, Short Fiction's Greatest Historical Futurist

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Steven Millhauser Steven Millhauser
Millhauser imagines technologies that never were

Many of Steven Millhauser's best stories are wonders of historical futurism. He is interested in the road not taken, in what might have been, whether it's a frighteningly interactive form of painting ("A Precursor of the Cinema") or a bodysuit that simulates any tactile experience ("The Wizard of West Orange"). If you like steampunk or sci-fi, if you like Christopher Nolan or Rian Johnson--really, if you like PopSci--you owe it to yourself to check out Millhauser.

Millhauser is mostly known as a short story writer, though he won the 1997 Pulitzer Prize for his novel Martin Dressler: The Tale of an American Dreamer. Maybe his best-known short story is "Eisenheim the Illusionist," about a Viennese magician, which was made into a movie called The Illusionist in 2006, starring Edward Norton. His pet themes are often contrasting; he writes tales of fantastic technological achievement in calming language, he mixes historical characters with completely fictional ones, he compares real inventions with those that only exist in his pages.

My favorite Millhauser story, the one that introduced me to his work, is "A Precursor of the Cinema," which you can find in a couple of his short-story collections (Dangerous Laughter and the newish anthology We Others, available in paperback on September 4th). It imagines what the medium of moving images might have been if they weren't, well, what they are, if that makes sense. Set in the mid-1800s, it's the story of Harlan Crane, a painter who discovered through some unclear technology (new physical properties of paint? Tricky lighting? Shadow and live actors?) a way to create interactivity and motion in painting. Crane's experiments move from the innocuous (a painted fly in a still-life appearing to emerge from the painting and fly around the viewer's head) to the sinister and chaotic (a fantastic and disturbing late scene involves shadowy figures emerging from murals to dance with patrons).

Millhauser's details and his tendency to insert real historical facts blur the line between real and not real. "A Precursor of the Cinema" casually references schools of painting, locations, other artists, new inventions, that may or may not have existed. You'll find yourself Googling names and terms you read in his books--was there really a school of hyper-realist painters calling themselves the Verisimilists? Did Harlan Crane exist? The other story I mentioned, from the same collection, is "The Wizard of West Orange." The "Wizard" is none other than Thomas Edison, and the story follows an abandoned invention called the haptograph, which can recreate the sense of touch--it can simulate a handshake, or the sensation of slipping into water, perfectly. It's extraordinary and just plausible enough to make you long for it. Millhauser's worlds are always just slightly out of reach.

That's not to give the impression that Millhauser is simply a futurist; many of his stories have nothing to do with technology at all. But there are many that take technology and science into strange, carnivalesque alleys, with obsessive creators working on projects just beyond the understanding of the rest of us. You'll like them.

Here's a link to Steven Millhauser's Amazon page.



Video: Controlling a Drone With Nothing But Your Thoughts

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Controlling an AR.Drone with Thoughts Alone

We recently gave the Parrot AR.Drone 2.0 a pretty solid review here on PopSci for improvements made to the recreational quadcopter's smartphone- or tablet-based control interface, which we found to be very intuitive. But a team of researchers at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, has gone a long step further. Using an off-the-shelf Emotiv EEG headset, they've devised a brain-machine interface that lets users control an AR.Drone with their thoughts alone.

As you will see in the video below, the interface isn't exactly seamless mind-control. Its range of motions is also somewhat limited. The user thinks "right" to fly forward, "push" to increase altitude, and "left" to turn clockwise. "Hard left" initiates takeoff, while clenching teeth causes the drone to descend. The drone's onboard camera is controlled via blinking--four times rapidly to snap an image of whatever the video feed from the drone is displaying.

So maybe it's still not quite as intuitive as tilting an iPad in the direction you want to fly. But for disabled people the ability to use brain signals to control such a platform is pretty huge. Not only can it allow a person a form of mobility through the extension of the drone and its camera, but it lays the groundwork for other brain-machine interfaces that could extend more mobility to those who currently lack it. Moreover, this is no piece of expensive lab equipment--it requires only a commercially available EEG device, a laptop, and an AR.Drone, none of which are seriously bank-breaking.

[New Scientist]



South African Scientists Claim Breakthrough Drug Cures All Strains of Malaria

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Plasmodium Falciparum in the Blood CDC via Wikimedia

Malaria is the scourge of tropical nations, crippling its victims with symptoms like debilitating fever, convulsions and nausea, and killing half a million people annually. Now researchers in South Africa say they may have a one-size-fits-all solution, in the form of a new drug that could work with just one dose.

The drug is a synthetic molecule in a class of compounds known as aminopyridines, which are precursors to many drugs for neurological disorders. Scientists at Australia's Griffith University were screening more than 6 million drug compounds and suggested aminopyridine for further study. Then a team of scientists led by Kelly Chibale at the University of Cape Town tested several of these compounds, settling on a suitable molecule that will now be tested further.

Most cases of malaria in Africa are caused by a parasite called Plasmodium falciparum, which lives in the salivary glands of female mosquitoes and is transferred into the human bloodstream when the bug bites.

This new drug killed the parasites instantly, according to reports from Cape Town media and the UCT - even those that are resistant to other anti-malarial drugs. Animal tests have not shown any negative side effects. Clinical trials on humans are set to start in 2013, South African government officials announced this week.

Efforts to curb malaria have extended all the way to mosquito eradication and genetic modification, yet the search for a cure-all has proved elusive. Malaria treatment involves a course of drugs, but in some cases the parasites have evolved to resist them.

South African officials trumpeted this new drug as a potential lifesaver for hundreds of thousands of people - and found on their own soil. "This is the first ever clinical molecule that's been discovered out of Africa, by Africans, from a modern pharmaceutical industry drug discovery program," Chibale was quoted saying.

Much more research remains to be done, and it could be at least seven years before any pill derived from this new compound is distributed throughout malaria-afflicted regions. But still, if this works, it could be an enormous breakthrough in a field that has haunted humanity - and the efforts of scientists to thwart it - for centuries.

[Independent Online, National Geographic]



San Diego Zoo Wants Inventors to Design New Robots and Devices Inspired By Its Animals

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Hummingbird-Inspired Robot Aerovironment

The San Diego Zoo, one of the best-regarded zoos in the world, has spent several years promoting biomimicry and its potential benefits to the economy and various research fields. Now the zoo is really ramping up its inspired-by-nature kick, launching an entire Centre for Bioinspiration, complete with the British spelling. Come look at the amazing animals, get excited and then design a cheetahbot!

The newly opened bioinspiration center will contain a product incubator, space for designers and startups to work on new concepts and develop their products. The goal is to spin off new companies or devices that can trickle into the San Diego economy. The zoo points to one local example made by San Diego-based Qualcomm - the Mirasol e-reader display tech, which is modeled after the iridescence on butterfly wings.

There are plenty of other examples of natural features or functions inspiring robots, devices and other things - gecko feet for adhesive, hummingbirds for quiet UAVs, and so on. The zoo commissioned a report last year that says biomimicry could generate as much as $300 billion annually to the U.S. economy by 2025, according to Xconomy.

"Through the years, nature has faced all of the challenges that we humans face today and has solved them," said the center's new director, Larry Stambaugh, in a statement.

Animal caretakers and other zoo staff will research their subjects and suggest possible bio-inspired capabilities, and companies will collaborate with them to design actual products. This new center is thought to be the first zoo-based biomimicry research site, the BBC reports.

[via Xconomy]



Video: A Body-Cooling Glove Could Give Athletes a Better Boost Than Steroids

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Stanford's Cooling Glove Stanford University

Almost all mammals have a network of veins near a hairless part of their skin that controls rapid temperature management--and it's no different for people. For us it's the palms (as opposed to, say, a dog's dangling tongue). But like some other biological processes, the technique can be gamed, with engineering topping physiology. That's the case with a body-cooling glove out of Stanford that researchers say might be more potent--and obviously much more legal--than steroids.

These hairless patches are the dominant places for heat transfer with the environment; take a thermal scan of a bear (carefully) and you can see the nose and feet light up. The networks of veins beneath the skin, called AVAs (arteriovenous anastomoses), let only negligible blood flow during cold weather (to keep a person insulated) but can account for as much as 60 percent of cardiac output during warm weather or exercise.

The glove plays off this reaction. We have other AVAs, but the palms are the most prominent, so that, of course, is where the glove does its work. The setup sounds simple: it doesn't look like much more than a plastic glove hooked up to a portable cooler. But when a hand goes into the glove it creates a slight vacuum, which causes the veins in the palm to expand and draw blood through the AVAs. A lining of chilly water in the glove cools off the blood as it starts to circulate throughout the body.

The researchers claim that the cooling helps in recovering from exercise or competition so much that it could be more helpful to an athlete than steroids, and some teams--including the San Francisco 49ers, Oakland Raiders, and Manchester United--are using a version of the glove in the hopes that it really does.

[Stanford University News]



Video: Maryland Student Hovers 8 Feet High in Human-Powered Helicopter, Smashing Previous Records

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Rising to Eight Feet High The bottom of each strip of tape on Elizabeth here marks one foot. Team Gamera

Records are made to be broken, and a bunch of students at the University of Maryland are smashing the ones they just set earlier this summer. They're so close to winning the crazy-hard American Helicopter Society's Igor I. Sikorsky Human-Powered Helicopter competition - watch an amazing eight-foot flight past the jump.

Henry Enerson, a freshman at UMD, is one of a handful of pilots taking turns furiously pedaling in the cockpit of the Gamera II, a human-powered quadcopter. The team has already met one major requirement of the Sikorsky Prize this week, hovering for 65 seconds. Now if they can hit one minute and get a little higher than 8 feet -- to exactly 3 meters, or 9.8 feet -- they'll win the $250,000 32-year-old prize.

The team has been testing all week but had to take a break for a few hours today so the students could go to class. We're following their progress and we'll update here if they set any further records -- meanwhile, watch Henry's flight below.



After Embryo is Washed of Disease, Healthy Purebred Baby Buffalo Born in the Bronx

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Baby Bison The Bronx Zoo baby bison seen with its mother. Julie Larsen Maher/WCS

The first "genetically pure" bison produced from a cleansed and transplanted embryo was born in June, officials at the Bronx Zoo announced today. Now the zoo can expand its bison herd with only the purest samples of prairie cows.

Yellowstone National Park has two of the last remaining genetically pure wild bison herds in the nation, which used to roam the continent until humans almost wiped them out by the early 20th century. While most current bison have some cattle genes - a result of interbreeding so western ranchers could make hardier cattle - Yellowstone's American bison are genetically uninterrupted. But they're difficult to take out of the park for herd-restoration efforts, because they're susceptible to catching and spreading a wide range of diseases.

In this new case, researchers were able to take out a purebred developing embryo, wash it clean of disease and implant it into a surrogate commercial buffalo. Unlike the Yellowstone cows, this cow can go wherever veterinarians want to take it. In this case, it was shipped off to the Bronx.

Last fall, Colorado State University reproductive physiologist Dr. Jennifer Barfield and her team took a purebred embryo from a Yellowstone bison cow that lives at an animal health research center in Fort Collins, Colo. (Full disclosure: Your correspondent is an alumna of Colorado State.) Barfield was able to "wash" it so it could not spread diseases like brucellosis, which causes bison to spontaneously miscarry their young. It's not clear exactly how they washed it (we are awaiting further detail).

After it was deemed clean, Barfield and colleagues implanted it non-surgically into a healthy female buffalo, one with ancestral cattle genes. Then the surrogate mother cow was sent the Bronx Zoo, which has been trying for years to establish a breeding bison herd. The baby male buffalo was born there June 20, but the Bronx Zoo and CSU just announced its birth today, after ensuring it was healthy and normal.

"This illustrates that we can engineer breeding of pure-bred bison to be disease-free despite the diseases that can afflict the bison population at Yellowstone," Barfield said. It is also a model for mitigating diseases in other types of animals, the team said.

While this research is interesting, it raises a question. CSU's mascot is the Rocky Mountain bighorn, and our mortal enemy is the University of Colorado and its Buffaloes. Why is CSU announcing this special buff right before the Rocky Mountain Showdown? Maybe because Boulder couldn't do it?




For Some Reason Apple Doesn't Want iPhone Users Keeping Tabs on the Drone Wars

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Drones+
An app that alerts users to drone strikes around the world keeps getting denied by the Apple's App Store reviewers, and no one can explain why

We've covered the technology aspects of the ongoing drone wars thoroughly here at PopSci. The geopolitical and legal ramifications have been fodder for an endlessly cycling debate in the blogosphere. Esquire's Tom Junod recently termed it the "Lethal Presidency" while examining the moral ramifications. The bottom line is, the U.S. is engaged in several shadow wars around the globe in which unmanned aircraft are lethally striking at a list of individuals in places like Pakistan, Yemen, and Somalia. And Apple's App Store, for its part, seems to want nothing to do with it.

Drones+ is a smartphone app developed by NYU student Josh Begley. The app itself is pretty basic: when a drone strike occurs, the U.K.'s Bureau of Investigative Journalism compiles media reports and logs the strike in its database. Drones+ then displays that strike on a map within the app and links users to a few news stories about it. If the user chooses, he or she will get a push notification, a quick realtime alert that a drone strike just happened somewhere in the world.

The idea is to connect people a little more with the actions being carried out in their name and bring awareness, for good or ill, to the ongoing drone war that is now the longest continuous aerial bombardment the United States military has ever engaged in. But the Apple App Store reviewers have rejected the app on three separate occasions for reasons ranging from "this app isn't entertaining enough" to "the content is objectionable and crude."

Apple routinely turns down apps for reasons that are less-than clear, and it is under no obligation to accept any app. But these are strange charges to level against an app that simply aggregates news reports. It does not display any images of the carnage wrought at the scene of a strike. It's simply meant to connect the drone wars with the citizens who are, willingly or not, supporting them and to make them aware of the frequency with which the U.S. Military and CIA are acting with deadly force on foreign soil. That has Begley wondering exactly what to do next. And the rest of us wondering what exactly it is that Apple really has a problem with: the app or the drone wars?


[Danger Room]



Russia Wants a New Long-Range Bomber That Cracks Mach 5

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Dmitry Rogozin, Russia's Deputy Prime Minister, Wants a Hypersonic Bomber A.Savin via Wikimedia

There's a new arms race brewing, and this one is destined to be very, very fast. Russian Deputy Prime Minister Dmitry Rogozin is calling for the development of a hypersonic long-range bomber to ensure Russia is not "falling behind the Americans." He doesn't want some subsonic or even supersonic analog to the American B-2, he says. Russia's next bomber--slated for delivery by decade's end--will move faster than Mach 5.

Rogozin's latest comments follow on the heels of America's latest test of the X-51 Waverider, a hypersonic experimental scramjet that the deputy PM holds up as an example of what the Russian aerospace and defense sectors should be aspiring to (along with DARPA's HTV Falcon test vehicle and America's other hypersonic development programs).

But there's one key point Rogozin seems to be missing here: the Waverider crashed into the ocean during its most recent test after a control fin broke. Darpa's Falcon literally flew out of its own heat-protective skin during its last trial. Hypersonic flight is far from a stable reality on this side of the old Iron Curtain. And if Russia is planning on integrating hypersonic technology into the PAK-DA program (that's the acronym for Russia's future long-range bomber initiative), it should've started working on the technology piece of this long before now.

It should've started working on the funding piece as well. Hypersonic scramjets and the like are expensive to build and then--if DARPA and the Air Force are any indication--they are generally crashed. That's how aerospace engineers learn. It's also really, really expensive. Aerospace analysts familiar with both the technology and budget situations in Russia reportedly say the PAK-DA will be at best supersonic, and probably subsonic. If Rogozin's aspirations are relevant to anything it might be a hypersonic missile, and even that is beyond the 2020 horizon.

Still, that this conversation is taking place at all at this level demonstrates the amount of strategic interest in cracking the hypersonic frontier, something the U.S. Pentagon has invested heavily in for years now. Payload delivery systems (we won't call them missiles, but they're missiles) moving at speeds upward of Mach 5--the generally agreed-upon definition of "hypersonic"--would be mighty difficult to defend against with conventional countermeasures. Perhaps we're all lucky that stable hypersonic flight is going to take quite a few more years to figure out.

[Ria Novosti]



Archive Gallery: PopSci Goes A-Ratting (And More Pest Control)

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When You Go A-Ratting
Traps, lamps, poison and fire

About a month ago, my apartment had some unwelcome visitors in the form of cream-colored little worms writhing about on my kitchen and bathroom floor. Maggots. It was deeply unsettling, but, as always, science was on my side, with its pressurized cans of grocery store poison, specifically calibrated for my particular pest problem. Sure, we were sweeping up scores of dead fly bodies for weeks, but at least they were dead.

This week's archive gallery takes a look at all the different ways we humans like to destroy the creatures that bother us. Sometimes we poison them, sometimes we let an aesthetically-pleasing electrical lamp zap them from a comfortable distance away. Sometimes we build clever traps and sometimes we BURN THEM WITH FIRE.


Click here to explore the gallery.

Enter the gallery above to take a journey with us down the lane of pest control's past. We'll take a pit stop to go a-ratting with some old timey techniques, scrunch our nose a bit at our unfortunate obsession with DDT and emerge with a slew of options at the ready the next time we find ourselves confronted with unwanted houseguests.



In World First, Scientists Surgically Implant a Working Bionic Eye In a Blind Patient

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Bionic Eye Bionic Vision Australia

We've been waiting on the prospect of a bionic eye for a while now; being able to surgically give sight to the sightless would be a medical breakthrough, and we're right on the cusp. Exhibit A: In a world first, scientists have successfully implanted a prototype bionic eye that has helped a woman see shapes.

Researchers from the government-funded consortium Bionic Vision Australia made the announcement in a statement yesterday; in it the implantee said she "didn't know what to expect, but all of a sudden, I could see a little flash--it was amazing." The team is hoping they can start to "build" shapes based on what she sees, eventually creating a bionic eye that works like its organic counterpart.

The prototype device is set up in a lab. Electrodes in the implant stimulate nerve cells, and in the controlled environment scientists can get feedback from the user on the "flashes of light." That could help them adjust until the "flashes of light" reflect the actual environment enough to be helpful. It's not full vision, but it's an early step toward it.

The next stage, the scientists say, is incorporating an external camera into a device, and creating versions with more electrodes. With 98, a person could be able to see large objects; with 1,024, they could recognize faces and large print.

[Bionics Institute]



Tonight, See the Last "Blue Moon" Till 2015

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Blue Moon Flickr/FrozenInLight

A "blue moon" refers to the second full moon in a single month, so, no, it's not actually blue, but it's still a cool event--it won't happen again until July 2015--and it's even going to be broadcast by The Slooh Space Camera, in case weather or location blocks your view. Strangely and poignantly, the rare event is coming just after Neil Armstrong's death, and will fall on the same day as his memorial service. Read more about it at The Huffington Post.



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